High-tech companies are becoming increasingly interested in nearshoring as a way to bring production closer to where products are sold and consumed, according to the fourth annual global UPS Change in the (Supply) Chain survey conducted by IDC Manufacturing Insights. Nearshoring involves the relocation of factories to countries near a major consuming market. The interest in nearshoring marks a shift away from the dominant manufacturing strategy of the past three decades, which focused on putting plants in the country with the lowest costs.
According to this year's survey, interest in nearshoring among supply chain chiefs has tripled in comparison to the 2010 survey. Twenty-seven percent of the survey takers said they were embracing nearshoring as a strategy.
Of those interested in nearshoring, 77 percent said the main factor was a desire to improve service levels by bringing production closer to demand. Another 55 percent said nearshoring improved control over quality and intellectual property.
Despite the uptick in interest in nearshored production, 73 percent of respondents said they had no plans to adopt this supply chain strategy. When asked why, 50 percent in that group said the cost benefit of manufacturing in low-cost countries like China remained compelling. Another 46 percent said the location of key suppliers remained a barrier to nearshoring.
To gather the results, IDC surveyed 337 senior supply chain executives at high-tech manufacturers in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. The survey results represented a cross-section of companies with revenues over $5 million; 47 percent of the responses came from companies with annual revenues in excess of $1 billion. Another 22 percent came from companies with annual revenues between $250 million and $1 billion, and 31 percent hailed from enterprises with revenue between $5 million and $250 million. Interestingly, the study found that the companies most interested in nearshoring were either very large (companies with sales over $1 billion) or very small (companies with sales between $5 million and $250 million).
The survey also looked at three other key issues in supply chain management: the role of customer service, product lifecycle management, and serving emerging markets.
Customer service: The study found that many companies are shifting the primary focus of their supply chains from the product to customer service. The researchers call these types of supply chains "customer-centric." Thirty-nine percent of surveyed executives said their supply chains are built to be primarily customer-centric. Companies refocusing their supply chains on customer service cited a number of reasons for doing so: reducing lead times, improving planning, improving fulfillment, and improving post-sale and return capabilities.
Product lifecycle management: While nearly 60 percent of high-tech supply chain executives ranked their companies as "market leaders" in product innovation, they had less confidence in their capabilities to manage the entire product lifecycle. Only 34 percent of respondents described themselves as market leaders in reverse logistics, and 40 percent said they were leaders in product retirement.
Emerging markets: Emerging markets remain a supply chain priority for high-tech executives. Nearly two-thirds of those responding to the survey said they had already established a presence in emerging markets or expect to do so within a year. North American companies are the most aggressive in this area, with 80 percent saying that their companies are in emerging markets or plan to be in a year.
To nearshore or not to nearshore
Although a recent UPS Change in the (Supply) Chain survey found a noticeable uptick in interest in nearshoring, three out of four responders are still doubters. Here are the top five reasons why some companies are thinking of relocating of their production facilities, and five reasons why other companies are staying put.
Five top reasons for nearshoring
| 1. | Improving service levels by bringing production closer to demand | 77 percent |
| 2. | Improving control over quality and intellectual property | 55 percent |
| 3. | Diversification of manufacturing due to natural and socio-economic risks | 43 percent |
| 4. | Cost benefit of China or low-cost manufacturing countries no longer compelling | 37 percent |
| 5. | Skills or technology limitations | 35 percent |
Five top reasons for not nearshoring
| 1. | The cost benefit of outsourcing to China or low-cost manufacturing countries remains compelling | 50 percent |
| 2. | Location of key suppliers | 46 percent |
| 3. | Fixed infrastructure is not moveable | 40 percent |
| 4. | China or low-cost manufacturing countries are our default manufacturing location | 33 percent |
| 5. | China or low-cost manufacturing countries' growing consumer market | 32 percent |
Source: UPS Change in the (Supply) Chain Survey, 4th Edition (2013)
