Article
Demography has spoken
Several global demographic trends have productivity and supply chain implications. Two that deserve particular attention: urbanization and aging.
Mar 04, 2013
");background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.module-headline__text{;}}.btn, .button, .search-detail .search-widget__submit, .btn-wrapper > .text-element, .widget__show-more, .breaking--news__banner .posts-custom .widget__headline-text:after, .keep_reading_link, .article .widget .widget__show-more{padding:8px 16px;display:inline-flex;text-transform:uppercase;border-radius:4px;align-items:center;text-align:center;border:0;justify-content:center;}.btn svg{fill:pink;transition:all .4s;}.article .body-description .widget__show-more, .keep_reading_link, .keep_reading_link:hover{outline:solid 1px var(--primary-accent-color);text-decoration:none;}.btn:hover, .button:hover, .btn-wrapper > .text-element:hover, .search-detail .search-widget__submit:hover, .keep_reading_link:hover, .search-widget__submit:hover, .article .widget__shares a:hover, .social-links .social-links__link:hover, .article.bottom-tags-share .tags .tags__item:hover{outline:none;background-color:#102a78;color:var(--white-color);text-decoration:none;border:0;}.btn a:hover, .btn-wrapper > .text-element a:hover{text-decoration:none;}.btn.button-load-more{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;border:0;}.arrow-right .text-element:after{content:"";width:10px;display:inline-block;height:10px;margin-left:10px;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,") center no-repeat;}a.link-out-icon:hover{text-decoration:none;color:var(--primary-accent-color);}.btn.button-load-more, .article .widget .widget__show-more, .keep_reading_link{padding:12px 24px;}.snark-line:has(.keep_reading_link){display:grid;justify-content:center;width:100%;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.btn, .button, .search-detail .search-widget__submit, .btn-wrapper > .text-element{padding:12px 16px;}}.article.sticky-share .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .splash_post .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .main-column .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before{content:none;}.widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .image-on-left.image-on-left .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .main-column:has(.load-more-scroll-wrapper) .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .tag-page .main-column .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before, .section .main-column .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before{content:"";display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16 / 9;background-image:url("https://assets.rbl.ms/53616920/origin.png");background-size:cover;background-position:center;}.posts-custom .posts-wrapper{line-height:1;font-size:10px;display:grid;}.widget .widget__body{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;}.widget .widget__headline{width:100%;}.widget .widget__subheadline{width:100%;}.widget .widget__section, .post-tags-primary-link{text-transform:uppercase;border-bottom:0px solid var(--primary-accent-color);}.widget .social-author__avatar{display:none;height:30px;width:30px;margin-right:10px;}.widget .social-author, .widget .social-date{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}.widget .social-author__name:before{content:"By";padding-right:4px;display:inline-block;}.widget .social-author__name ~ .social-author__name:before{content:"& ";padding:0 4px 0 6px;}.widget .widget__body > .social-author, .widget .widget__body > .social-date{width:auto;align-self:center;}.widget .social-author + .social-date .social-date__text:before{display:inline-flex;content:"";}.media-caption + .media-photo-credit:before, .widget .photo-caption + .photo-credit:before{content:"/";}.widget .social-author__name:hover:before{text-decoration:none;}.posts-custom .widget__head .widget__body:not(:has(.photo-credit)){padding:0;}.widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-16x9 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-16x9 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-3x2 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-3x2 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-2x1 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-2x1 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-1x2 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-1x2 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-3x1 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-3x1 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-1x1 > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-1x1 > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer), .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-custom > .widget__img--tag, .widget__head:has(.photo-credit) .rm-crop-custom > div:not(.rm-crop-spacer){height:calc(100% - 32px);}.image-on-left .widget .row .col{display:grid;grid-template-columns:152px 1fr;align-items:center;grid-column-gap:16px;}.image-on-left .widget .widget__body{padding:0 16px 0 0;row-gap:8px;}.image-on-left .widget .widget__body > *{margin-top:0;}.image-on-left .widget .social-author, .image-on-left .widget .social-date, .image-on-left .widget .widget__subheadline{display:none;}.image-on-left .widget .widget__headline{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;visibility:visible;}.image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .row .col:not(:has(.widget__head)):before{content:"";display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16 / 9;}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left .widget .row .col{grid-template-columns:41.5% auto;grid-column-gap:px;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left .widget .widget__body{row-gap:8px;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .widget__body{row-gap:16px;padding:0;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .row .col{grid-template-columns:36.4% auto;grid-column-gap:32px;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .social-author, .image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .social-date{display:inline-flex;}}@media (min-width: 768px){.image-on-left.desktop-large-teaser .widget .widget__subheadline{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;visibility:visible;}}.numbered-post .widget__head a:before{position:absolute;content:counter(section);z-index:1;display:flex;width:27px;height:28px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.breaking--news__banner .posts-custom .widget__headline-text:after{content:"";display:inline-flex;margin-left:12px;width:32px;height:32px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;padding:0;background-size:16px;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.breaking--news__banner .posts-custom .widget__headline-text:after{margin-left:8px;}}.search__wrapper{z-index:0;opacity:0;position:fixed;left:0;line-height:40px;display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin:auto;max-width:985px;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:auto;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.search__wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}.search-modal_close-pop-up{position:fixed;right:20px;top:20px;height:40px;width:40px;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-end;}.search__wrapper__inner{max-width:985px;display:grid;padding:160px 12px;}.search-modal-heading{padding-bottom:8px;border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-bottom-width:2px;}.search-modal-heading-byline{margin-top:8px;}.search-ai-powered{position:absolute;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:20px;}.search-widget form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;grid-gap:12px;max-width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.search-widget__input{border-style:solid;border-width:1px;background-color:#fff;padding:0 12px;border-radius:var(--1x, 4px);background-size:15px 15px;background-position:12px;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.search-widget__submit{font-family:var(--primary-font-family) !important;}.search-widget__submit{position:relative;width:47px;height:47px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:24px 24px;}.search-widget__submit.fa:before{display:none;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.search-widget__input{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");padding:10px 12px 10px 40px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.search-widget__submit{padding:12px 16px;display:inline-flex;border-radius:4px;align-items:center;text-align:center;justify-content:center;background-image:none;width:113px;height:50px;font-family:var(--primary-font-family) !important;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.search-widget__submit:after{content:"Search";display:block;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.search__wrapper__inner{margin:auto;}}.newsletter-element__submit.newsletter-element__submit:hover{opacity:1;background-color:#102a78;}body:has(.newsletter-element__form .notification) #notification{display:none !important;}.article .body .newsletter-element__form ul li:before{display:none;}.search-widget .show-error .search-widget__input::placeholder{color:#d02b25;opacity:1;}.show-error .search-widget__input::-moz-placeholder{color:#d02b25;}.share-facebook, .share-fb, .share-facebook:hover, .share-fb:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-twitter, .share-tw, .share-twitter:hover, .share-tw:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-linkedin, .share-linkedin:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-instagram, .share-instagram:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-email, .share-email:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-pinterest, .share-pinterest:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-youtube, .share-youtube:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-tumblr, .share-tumblr:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-reddit, .share-reddit:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-copy-link, .share-copy-link:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-flipboard, .share-flipboard:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-whatsapp, .share-whatsapp:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-tiktok, .share-tiktok:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.share-sms, .share-sms:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-facebook, .footer .share-facebook:hover, .hamburger .share-facebook, .hamburger .share-facebook:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-twitter, .footer .share-twitter:hover, .hamburger .share-twitter, .hamburger .share-twitter:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-linkedin, .footer .share-linkedin:hover, .hamburger .share-linkedin, .hamburger .share-linkedin:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-instagram, .footer .share-instagram:hover, .hamburger .share-instagram, .hamburger .share-instagram:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-email, .footer .share-email:hover, .hamburger .share-email, .hamburger .share-email:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-pinterest, .footer .share-pinterest:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-youtube, .footer .share-youtube:hover, .hamburger .share-youtube, .hamburger .share-youtube:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-tumblr, .footer .share-tumblr:hover, .hamburger .share-tumblr, .hamburger .share-tumblr:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-flipboard, .footer .share-flipboard:hover, .hamburger .share-flipboard, .hamburger .share-flipboard:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-whatsapp, .footer .share-whatsapp:hover, .hamburger .share-whatsapp, .hamburger .share-whatsapp:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.footer .share-tiktok, .footer .share-tiktok:hover, .hamburger .share-tiktok, .hamburger .share-tiktok:hover{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");}.search-tooltip:after{content:"";display:block;width:15px;height:7px;position:absolute;top:-7px;left:16px;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,") center no-repeat;}.topbar_sticky_wrapper{height:32px;}.topbar{background:#fff;}.topbar_row_1{display:grid;align-items:center;justify-content:center;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto;padding:10px 0;}.topbar_row_2{display:none;}.topbar_row_1 .list{display:none;}.navbar .menu_item:hover .dropdown-arrow{transform:rotate(180deg);}.hamburger__toggle{width:24px;height:24px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:16px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;}.search_toggle{width:32px;height:32px;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,");background-size:24px 24px;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.site-title{margin:0;line-height:0;}.site-logo{height:19px;width:auto;}.topbar__right{margin-left:auto;}p.CSCMP-logo{display:none;}@media (min-width: 1024px){body:not(.topbar-sticked) p.CSCMP-logo{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:8px;right:0;width:209px;height:auto;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){body:not(.topbar-sticked) .topbar__right{margin-top:-52px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){body:not(.topbar-sticked) .site-title{margin-left:-30px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar_sticky_wrapper{height:190px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.hamburger__toggle{display:none;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.site-title{justify-content:center;display:flex;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.site-logo{height:60px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar_row_2{display:flex;padding:8px 32px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-top:1px solid var(--secondary-accent-color);border-bottom:1px solid var(--secondary-accent-color);background:var(--tertiary-accent-color);}}@media (min-width: 1024px){body:not(.topbar-sticked) .topbar_row_1{position:relative;height:114px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar_row_1 .list{display:flex;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar_row_1 .list a{color:var(--secondary-text-color);}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar .list__item{;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar .list__item:not(:last-child){;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar .list__item{padding:8px 12px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar .list__item:not(:last-child){margin-right:10px;}}@media (max-width: 1023px){.navbar{display:none;}}.topbar__right{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;}.topbar .btn.subscribe svg{margin-right:8px;width:20px;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.topbar .btn.subscribe svg{margin-right:12px;}}.navbar_inner .menu_items{display:flex;}.navbar .menu_item{margin-right:16px;position:relative;padding:8px 12px;display:flex;align-items:center;}.navbar .menu_item .dropdown-arrow{margin-left:12px;border-style:solid;border-width:6px 6px 0;}.navbar .menu__dropdown{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;height:auto;pointer-events:none;overflow:hidden;max-height:0;transition:all .4s;opacity:0;padding:5px;margin-left:-5px;}.navbar .menu_item:hover .menu__dropdown{max-height:calc(100vh - 200px);opacity:1;pointer-events:initial;z-index:3;}.navbar .menu__dropdown .list{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 4.5px #00000042;list-style:none;margin:0;min-width:200px;padding:10px 25px;border-top:2px solid var(--primary-accent-color);}.navbar .menu__dropdown .list a{display:block;margin:15px 0;width:fit-content;padding:0;}.navbar .menu_item:nth-last-child(1) > div > a{pointer-events:none;}.newsletter-modal{display:flex;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:var(--ffffff, #fff);box-shadow:-37px 4px 29.1px #00000040;z-index:999999;overflow:auto;padding-bottom:30px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;max-width:344px;padding:40px 20px 20px;transform:translateX(150%);transition:all .3s;}.newsletter-modal-body{display:grid;grid-gap:24px;text-align:center;}.newsletter-modal-body svg{margin:auto;margin-bottom:16px;}.newsletter-modal__headline{margin:0;}.btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up{position:absolute;right:20px;top:20px;width:24px;height:24px;opacity:.3;font-size:0;background:none;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0;outline:0;transition:all .3;}.btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up:hover{opacity:1;}.btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up:before, .btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up:after{position:absolute;left:11px;content:" ";height:24px;width:2px;background-color:#000;}.btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up:before{transform:rotate(45deg);}.btn.newsletter-modal_close-pop-up:after{transform:rotate(-45deg);}@media (min-width: 768px){.newsletter-modal{max-width:438px;padding:40px 32px;}}.hamburger{width:100%;transition:all .4s;padding:24px 24px 120px;transform:translateX(-100%);position:fixed;top:0;z-index:999999;height:100vh;overflow:auto;}.hamburger_inner{display:grid;grid-gap:24px;}.hamburger .hamburger__toggle{margin-left:auto;margin-right:0;}.hamburger .search-widget{line-height:1;border-bottom:0 solid #fff;position:relative;border-radius:4px;padding:12px;}.hamburger .search-widget__input{text-indent:32px;border:0;}.hamburger .search-widget__submit{position:absolute;height:16px;left:12px;top:16px;width:16px;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,") center no-repeat;}.hamburger .search-widget__submit.fa:before{display:none;}.hamburger__menu{margin-top:-16px;}.hamburger .menu_item{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--secondary-text-color);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;}.hamburger .menu_item .text-element{padding:24px 12px;position:relative;}.hamburger .menu__dropdown{display:block;width:100%;}.hamburger .dropdown-arrow{display:flex;height:16px;width:40px;align-items:center;}.hamburger .dropdown-arrow:before{margin-left:12px;border-style:solid;border-width:6px 6px 0;border-color:#fff #0000 #0000;cursor:pointer;content:"";}.hamburger .menu__dropdown .list{margin:0 24px;padding:0;max-height:0;overflow:hidden;opacity:0;}.hamburger .menu__dropdown .list__item{width:100%;position:relative;padding:0;}.hamburger-links .list{display:grid;border-bottom:1px solid var(--secondary-text-color);margin:12px 0;padding-bottom:12px;}.hamburger-links .list .list__item{padding:16px 0;}.hamburger-social{display:flex;align-items:center;}.hamburger-social .text-element{margin-right:16px;}@media (min-width: 768px){.hamburger{max-width:337px;}}:root{;}.social-profiles-status, .follow-button{display:none;}.user-profile, .site-bio__wrapper{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;margin:0;padding:0;}.user-profile .site-title-edit{margin:14px 0 0;}.user-profile .site-avatar-edit, .user-profile .site-avatar, .user-profile .community-site-logo, .user-profile .community-site-logo .hover-menu.edit{height:200px;width:200px;border-radius:50%;}.site-bio__wrapper{max-width:100%;}.profilepage__socials{display:flex;justify-content:center;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.user-profile{grid-template-columns:200px 1fr;grid-gap:32px;align-items:center;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.user-profile .site-title-edit{margin:0;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.user-profile .site-bio{max-width:100%;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.profilepage__socials{justify-content:start;}}.footer__inner{text-align:center;display:grid;padding:24px 40px;grid-gap:20px;}.footer__inner > :not(:last-child){margin-bottom:var(--vertical-spacing-between-items);}.footer .list{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;}.footer .list__item{margin:0;flex-shrink:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 1024px){.footer__inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;text-align:left;gap:0;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.footer .list{grid-gap:24px;}}@media (min-width: 1024px){.footer__inner .text-element{margin-top:8px;width:100%;}}